https://comorbidityguidelines.org.au/a1-what-is-comorbidity/why-does-comorbidity-occur
"There are a number of possible explanations as to why comorbidity may occur (see Figure 2):
>The presence of a mental health condition may lead to an AOD use disorder, or vice versa (known as the direct causal hypothesis).
>There may be an indirect causal relationship.
>There may be factors that are common to both the AOD and mental health condition, increasing the likelihood that they will co-occur.
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https://comorbidityguidelines.org.au/why-does-comorbidity-occur/why-does-comorbidity-occur/direct-casual-hypothesis
1. OAD as EFFECT of a MH condition
MH condition --> AOD (alcohol or other drugs) ["SELF-MEDICATION" Hypothesis] = substances are sued to medicate MH symptoms
2. AOD as CAUSE of a MH condition
AOD --> MH condition ["SUBSTANCE-INDUCED DISORDERS"]
-- alcohol --> depression, anxiety
-- stimulants, steroids, or hallucinogens --> mania
-- alcohol withdrawal, amphetamines, cocaine, cannabis, LSD (lyserfic acid diethylamide) --> psychotic symptoms
-- OAD --> substance-induced neurocognitive disorder, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorder
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