Re: DJNRMHS Psychiatry Section Rules
"Psychiatric PWD Certificates will only be issued under the following conditions:
1. Regular follow-ups for a minimum of 3 months.
2. Diagnoses of: Bipolar Spectrum Disorder, Schizophrenia, Autism Spectrum Disorder, & Other Neurolodevelopmental Disabilities (ADHD, Intellectual Disability)."
https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/maladaptive-daydreaming?fbclid=IwAR0o5CVoWJc-cyYQHN2Ms6jxqtSkSrTQpSOjKCLtp6ZoQwBXbiYppGGDqnI #treatments
>definition: a psychiatric condition identified by professor eliezer SOMER of the university of haifa in israel characterized by INTENSE DAYDREAMING that DISTRACTS the person from their REAL life triggered by real life situations including: conversation topics, sensory stimuli (e.g., noise or smell), & physical experiences (not yet part of DSM-5 & no official treatment)
>common symptoms:
--extremely VIVID daydreams (dd) with their own characters, settings, plots, & other detailed, story-like features
--dds triggered by real-life events
--difficulty completing everyday TASKS
--OVERWHELMING DESIRE to continue dd
--while dd: performing repetitive movements, whispering & talking
--LENGTHY (from minutes to hours)
>cause: experts not yet sure
>measure: MDS = Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale by Somer
--5 key characteristics: 1. content & quality of dreams 2. COMPULSION 3. distress 4. perceived benefits, & 5. INTERFERENCE in daily activities
NB: often misdiagnosed as psychosis but dreamers can differentiate REALITY vs fantasy!
>comorbidities: ADHD, D, OCD
NB: not yet understood how they are related to dd
>TX: FLUVOXAMINE (Luxor) c/o 1 study, support group, online fora like Daydream In Blue & Wild Minds Network
--
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/sex-life-the-american-male/201403/unacknowledged-harm-masturbation
by Michael Shelton, MS, LPC [Sex Life of the American Male] "An unacknowledged harm of masturbation (When does masturbation become problematic or unhealthy?)"
PARAPHILIA = [o] recurrent and intense sexually arousing FANTASIES, SEXUAL URGES, or SEXUAL BEHAVIORS that cause significant DISTRESS or IMPAIRMENT in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning" (American Psychiatric Association).
What we do know is that paraphilic development begins early in life (most males develop a paraphilic interest by the age of 17). The text Human Sexuality summarized the literature regarding the etiology of paraphilia and concluded: “People with paraphilia seem to have grown up in dysfunctional environments and to have had early sexual experiences that limited their ability to be sexually stimulated by consensual sexual activity.” (p. 341)[iv] Also, all paraphilias are primarily reinforced by masturbation. Unable to obtain sexual satisfaction by engagement in the activity most sexually stimulating to them, adolescents with paraphilic interest instead use fantasy and masturbation as a primary means of gratification thus keeping their desire hidden and unknown even to the people closest to them.
Each episode of masturbation however only further reinforces the paraphilic interest and reduces the possibility of modifying or eradicating it in the future. When people joke about the harm of masturbation, they almost always neglect to consider its truly most harmful effect. Each time a male masturbates to a paraphilic fantasy he further etches it into the hardwiring of his brain and increases the risk of future “significant distress and impairment,” particularly regarding sexual functioning and satisfaction. Once a paraphilic interest has fully developed, it is almost impossible to ameliorate.
References
[i] American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
[ii] Kafka, W.P. (2007). Paraphilia-related disorders. In S.R. Leiblum (Ed.), Principles and practice of sex therapy (pp. 442 – 476). New York: Guilford Press.
[iii] Feierman J.R. & Feierman, L.A. (2000). Paraphilias. In L.T. Szuchman & F. Muscarella (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on human sexuality (pp. 480 – 518). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
[iv] Strong, B., DeVault, C., Sayad, B.W., & Yarber W.L. (2005). Human sexuality: Diversity in contemporary America. Boston: McGraw Hill.
https://comorbidityguidelines.org.au/a1-what-is-comorbidity/why-does-comorbidity-occur
"There are a number of possible explanations as to why comorbidity may occur (see Figure 2):
>The presence of a mental health condition may lead to an AOD use disorder, or vice versa (known as the direct causal hypothesis).
>There may be an indirect causal relationship.
>There may be factors that are common to both the AOD and mental health condition, increasing the likelihood that they will co-occur.
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https://comorbidityguidelines.org.au/why-does-comorbidity-occur/why-does-comorbidity-occur/direct-casual-hypothesis
1. OAD as EFFECT of a MH condition
MH condition --> AOD (alcohol or other drugs) ["SELF-MEDICATION" Hypothesis] = substances are sued to medicate MH symptoms
2. AOD as CAUSE of a MH condition
AOD --> MH condition ["SUBSTANCE-INDUCED DISORDERS"]
-- alcohol --> depression, anxiety
-- stimulants, steroids, or hallucinogens --> mania
-- alcohol withdrawal, amphetamines, cocaine, cannabis, LSD (lyserfic acid diethylamide) --> psychotic symptoms
-- OAD --> substance-induced neurocognitive disorder, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorder
"There are a number of possible explanations as to why two or more disorders may co-occur. It is most likely, however, that the relationship between comorbid conditions is one of mutual influence."
https://comorbidityguidelines.org.au/part-a-what-is-comorbidity-and-why-is-it-important/a1-what-is-comorbidity
"Indeed, one of the most common and often overlooked comorbidities in AOD clients is tobacco use (discussed in Chapter B1) [9-12]."
https://comorbidityguidelines.org.au/part-a-what-is-comorbidity-and-why-is-it-important/a1-what-is-comorbidity
"For example, people who report symptoms of depression but do not meet diagnostic criteria have reduced productivity, increased help-seeking, and an increased risk of attempted suicide [22]. Therefore, rather than viewing mental health as merely the presence or absence of disorder, mental health conditions can be viewed as a continuum ranging from mild symptoms (e.g., mild depression) to severe disorders (e.g., schizophrenia or psychotic/suicidal depression)."
https://comorbidityguidelines.org.au/part-a-what-is-comorbidity-and-why-is-it-important/a1-what-is-comorbidity
